About Uterine Cancer

There are two forms of uterine cancer: uterine sarcoma, which is uncommon, and endometrial cancer, which is more prevalent. Options for treating uterine cancer include hormone therapy, radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery. The key is early detection. See a medical expert for further details.

Types Of Uterine Cancer

The lining of the uterus, or endometrium, is where uterine cancer, often referred to as endometrial cancer, typically develops. It is categorized into many categories according to the histological traits of the cancer cells. There are two primary forms of uterine cancer:

• Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma: Making up 80–90% of cases, endometrioid adenocarcinoma is the most prevalent kind of uterine cancer. It is typically discovered at an earlier stage and has a tendency to be less aggressive.
• Serous Carcinoma: Serous carcinoma, which accounts for 5–10% of cases, is a less frequent but more dangerous form of uterine cancer. Serous carcinoma is more likely to spread outside of the uterus and is typically identified at a more advanced stage. Apart from these common varieties, uterine cancer can also occur in certain less common forms, such as:
• Clear Cell Carcinoma: This less common subtype typically has a worse prognosis. It is frequently identified at an advanced stage and is distinguished by the presence of transparent cells in the cancer tissue.
• Undifferentiated/Unclassified Carcinoma: This category includes tumors that do not fit into the above-defined types. They tend to be more aggressive and challenging to treat.

Causes Of Uterine Cancer

There are a number of risk factors and contributing variables linked to the development of uterine cancer, commonly referred to as endometrial cancer. The following variables are known to raise the risk of uterine cancer, even though the exact causes are not always evident:

• Hormonal Imbalances: Hormonal imbalances, particularly high levels of estrogen relative to progesterone, are a significant risk factor for uterine cancer. This imbalance can stimulate the growth of the uterine lining (endometrium) and increase the likelihood of malignancy.

• Obesity: Obesity is strongly linked to an increased risk of uterine cancer, especially in postmenopausal women. Fat tissue can produce and store excess estrogen, contributing to hormonal imbalances and the growth of endometrial cells.

• Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Prolonged use of estrogen-only hormone replacement therapy (HRT) without progesterone in postmenopausal women can elevate the risk of uterine cancer. Combination HRT with both estrogen and progesterone is often prescribed to lower this risk.

• Age and Menopause: Uterine cancer is most common in postmenopausal women aged 50 and older. The risk increases with age, particularly in women who have never been pregnant.

• Hereditary Factors and Genetic Syndromes: A family history of uterine or colorectal cancer can increase the risk. Some hereditary syndromes, such as Lynch syndrome (hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer or HNPCC), can significantly elevate the risk of uterine cancer.

• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): PCOS is a condition characterized by hormonal imbalances, irregular periods, and the presence of numerous small cysts on the ovaries. Women with PCOS may have higher levels of estrogen, which can increase the risk of uterine cancer.

sign & Symptoms of Uterine Cancer

The endometrium, or lining of the uterus, is where uterine cancer first appears. It can cause a variety of symptoms, and early detection of these indicators is important for successful uterine cancer treatment.

• Abnormal Bleeding: One of the most common symptoms is unusual bleeding. This can include bleeding between periods, heavier or longer menstrual periods than usual, or bleeding after menopause. If you notice any unusual bleeding, it’s important to consult a doctor.
• Pelvic Pain: Some women with uterine cancer experience pain in the pelvic area. This pain might be persistent and can feel like pressure or cramping. It’s different from the normal menstrual cramps and might not go away with typical pain relief methods.
• Unexplained Weight Loss: Significant and unexplained weight loss can be a sign of uterine cancer. If you are losing weight without changing your diet or exercise routine, it’s a good idea to see a healthcare provider.
• Pain During Intercourse: Pain or discomfort during sex can be a symptom of uterine cancer. This is often reported as a deep, aching pain that occurs during or after intercourse.
• Abnormal Vaginal Discharge: You might notice a thick, foul-smelling discharge from the vagina that is not related to normal menstrual bleeding. This discharge might be yellow or bloody and could be accompanied by other symptoms.
• Difficulty Urinating: As the cancer grows, it may press on the bladder or other nearby organs. This can lead to frequent urination, pain while urinating, or difficulty emptying the bladder completely.
• Swelling or Lumps: In some cases, uterine cancer can cause noticeable swelling or lumps in the abdomen or pelvic area.

Preventing Uterine Cancer

It is possible to prevent uterine cancer by lowering your risk of developing the disease. Here are several simple strategies to minimize your chances:

• Regular Check-Ups: Visit your doctor regularly for pelvic exams and pap smears. Regular check-ups help catch any issues early.
• Healthy Weight: Maintain a healthy weight through a balanced diet and regular exercise. Obesity is linked to a higher risk of uterine cancer.
• Healthy Diet: Eat a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Foods high in fiber and low in fat can help lower your risk.
• Control Diabetes: If you have diabetes, keep it under control. Uncontrolled diabetes can increase your risk of uterine cancer.
• Use Birth Control: Talk to your doctor about using hormonal birth control. Some studies suggest that it can lower the risk of uterine cancer.
• Avoid Estrogen Alone: If you need hormone replacement therapy, discuss alternatives with your doctor. Estrogen alone can increase the risk of uterine cancer.