Vulvectomy
Vulvectomy is a surgical procedure that entails the partial or complete removal of the vulva, which is the external genitalia of a woman. This procedure is primarily performed to address various vulvar conditions, including vulvar cancer and extensive pre-cancerous lesions. In this article, we will delve into the significance of vulvectomy in managing vulvar pathologies, the indications for the procedure, and the surgical process involved.
About Vulvectomy
Vulvectomy is a surgical treatment designed for women with vulvar conditions that cannot be effectively managed through conservative means. This procedure focuses on removing the affected tissue while striving to preserve nearby structures and maintain optimal functional and aesthetic outcomes. The extent of vulvectomy performed is contingent upon the specific condition being treated and its stage.
Procedure of Vulvectomy
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Preoperative Assessment: Before the surgery, a thorough evaluation is conducted, which may include a physical examination, imaging tests, and biopsies to ascertain the extent of the condition and determine the most appropriate surgical approach.
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Anesthesia: The procedure is carried out under general anesthesia to ensure the patient’s comfort and safety throughout the surgery.
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Incision and Tissue Removal: The surgeon makes an incision around the affected area to carefully excise the diseased tissue. The degree of tissue removal varies based on the specific condition and its stage. In some cases, a portion of the vulva may be removed (partial vulvectomy), while more advanced cases may necessitate a radical vulvectomy, which involves the removal of the entire vulva.
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Lymph Node Assessment: If vulvar cancer is diagnosed, nearby lymph nodes may be evaluated to determine if the cancer has metastasized. This could involve removing sentinel lymph nodes or performing a more comprehensive lymphadenectomy.
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Reconstruction: After excising the diseased tissue, the surgeon may undertake reconstructive procedures to restore the appearance and function of the vulva. This can include techniques such as local tissue rearrangement, skin grafts, or flap reconstruction.
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Closure and Recovery: The incisions are meticulously closed using sutures or surgical staples. Patients are closely monitored during the recovery period, with detailed wound care instructions provided. Postoperative pain management and follow-up appointments are scheduled to ensure proper healing and monitor the patient’s recovery progress.