IVF
In vitro fertilization (IVF) is an advanced series of procedures used to assist with conception. It is a form of treatment for infertility, a condition in which couples struggle to conceive after at least a year of trying. IVF is considered the most effective method for addressing infertility, as it involves manipulating eggs, sperm, and embryos in a laboratory setting. This process is a key component of assisted reproductive technology (ART), offering hope to those facing challenges in achieving pregnancy.
About IVF
In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a treatment used for a range of infertility issues such as endometriosis, low sperm count, advanced maternal age, and blocked or damaged fallopian tubes. IVF offers hope to many couples by increasing their chances of a successful pregnancy. Several factors, including age and the cause of infertility, influence the success rate. After the embryo transfer, women undergoing IVF typically need to take progesterone pills or injections daily for 8–10 weeks to support early pregnancy.
The five basic steps of IVF are:
- Stimulation or superovulation
- Egg retrieval
- Insemination and fertilisation
- Embryo culture
- Embryo transfer
Procedure of IVF
IVF is primarily used to address infertility or genetic concerns. Before starting an IVF cycle, couples usually undergo several screening tests to ensure the process is tailored to their specific needs. The procedure follows these key steps:
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Stimulation (Superovulation): Fertility drugs are administered to the woman to stimulate her ovaries to produce multiple eggs instead of just one.
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Egg Retrieval (Follicular Aspiration): Once the eggs mature, a minor surgical procedure called follicular aspiration is performed to retrieve the eggs. Both ovaries are aspirated, and mild cramping may follow for a day or two.
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Insemination and Fertilisation: The retrieved eggs are combined with sperm (from the male partner or a donor) in a laboratory setting. This process is called insemination, and fertilisation usually happens within a few hours.
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Embryo Culture: The fertilised eggs divide and become embryos. Couples at risk of passing on genetic conditions may opt for pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) to screen for certain genetic disorders before implantation.
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Embryo Transfer: 3 to 5 days after fertilisation, one or more embryos are transferred into the woman’s uterus. Any unused embryos can be frozen for future use or donation.
IVF offers a structured and scientific approach to conception, providing an option for those experiencing infertility to pursue their dream of parenthood.