Glaucoma Surgery
Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that can lead to vision loss and blindness by damaging the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the eye to the brain. This nerve is essential for maintaining good vision. While damage to the optic nerve is often associated with elevated intraocular pressure, glaucoma can also occur with normal eye pressure. Various types of glaucoma can be treated surgically, including congenital glaucoma, neovascular glaucoma, and glaucoma resulting from injury. The surgery is typically performed in a hospital setting and usually lasts between 1 to 2 hours.
About Glaucoma Surgery
Glaucoma surgery aims to lower intraocular pressure and prevent further damage to the optic nerve. In India, various surgical options are available, including trabeculectomy, glaucoma drainage devices, and laser surgery. Glaucoma is a progressive eye condition characterized by damage to the optic nerve, often leading to visual field loss. One of the primary risk factors for glaucoma is elevated eye pressure, which can occur due to abnormalities in the eye’s drainage system, causing fluid accumulation and increased pressure that damages the optic nerve.
Procedure of Glaucoma Surgery
The choice of surgical procedure for glaucoma depends on the patient’s individual needs and the surgeon’s recommendation. The most common surgical technique is trabeculectomy, which involves removing part of the eye’s drainage structures to enhance fluid drainage. Here’s a general overview of the steps involved in a typical glaucoma surgery procedure:
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Anaesthesia: The procedure begins with administering anaesthesia, which may be local or general, depending on the patient’s preference and the surgeon’s recommendation.
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Incision: The surgeon makes a small incision in the eye to access the trabecular meshwork or other drainage structures.
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Drainage Device Placement: If a glaucoma drainage device is used, the surgeon will implant and secure it within the eye.
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Trabeculectomy: In this procedure, the surgeon creates a small flap in the sclera and removes a portion of the trabecular meshwork to facilitate fluid drainage from the eye.
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Laser Surgery: If laser surgery is chosen, the surgeon uses a laser to create a small opening in the trabecular meshwork or other drainage structures.
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Closure: After the procedure, the surgeon closes the incision with tiny stitches or uses self-sealing techniques.
Recovery
Post-surgery, patients may experience mild discomfort, sensitivity to light, and blurred vision. It is essential to follow the surgeon’s instructions, including using prescribed eye drops and avoiding rubbing the eyes for several weeks. Patients should also refrain from strenuous activities and heavy lifting for a few days after surgery to ensure proper healing. Regular follow-up appointments are crucial to monitor recovery and assess intraocular pressure.