Pulmonology
The identification and treatment of disorders impacting the circulatory system, which includes the lung tissue and airways, is the primary focus of the medical speciality of pulmonary medicine. Asthma, cancer of the lungs, pneumonia, TB, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, also known as (COPD) are among the ailments that pulmonary specialists treat. To evaluate the condition of the lungs and diagnose respiratory illnesses, they employ a variety of diagnostic techniques, including bronchoscopy, imaging investigations, and spirometry. Medication, breath therapy, rehabilitation for the pulmonary system, and surgical procedures are potential treatment modalities. In order to improve the functioning of the lungs, reduce symptoms, and improve overall quality of life for patients with respiratory diseases, pulmonologists are essential members of the healthcare team.
About Pulmonology
Pulmonology is a medical speciality focused on the evaluation, management, and treatment of diseases and disorders affecting the pulmonary system. Pulmonologists specialise in conditions involving lung tissue, the bronchial tract, and other structures of the respiratory system. They commonly treat a range of conditions, including lung cancer, pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonia, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
To assess lung health and diagnose respiratory illnesses, pulmonologists employ various diagnostic tools, such as spirometry, imaging studies (like X-rays and CT scans), and bronchoscopy. Treatment modalities may include medications, oxygen therapy, pulmonary rehabilitation, and, in some cases, surgical interventions. Pulmonologists work closely with other medical specialists to provide comprehensive care for patients with breathing difficulties.
Procedure of Pulmonology
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Spirometry: This standard diagnostic test measures the volume and flow rate of air inhaled and exhaled to evaluate lung function.
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Bronchoscopy: A bronchoscope, a flexible tube equipped with a light and camera, is inserted through the mouth or nose into the lungs to visualize the airways and obtain samples for biopsy or culture.
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Thoracentesis: A needle or catheter is inserted into the chest cavity to remove excess fluid or air surrounding the lungs. This procedure helps diagnose underlying issues and alleviate symptoms.
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Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs): These tests assess respiratory function by measuring lung capacity, airflow, and gas exchange, helping to identify conditions like pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, and COPD.
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Lung Biopsy: A sample of lung tissue is collected and examined under a microscope to diagnose conditions such as interstitial lung disease, lung cancer, or infections.
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Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) Analysis: This test measures blood levels of carbon dioxide and oxygen to evaluate respiratory function and acid-base balance.
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Lung Volume Reduction Surgery (LVRS): In certain severe cases of emphysema, LVRS may be performed to enhance breathing function by removing damaged lung tissue.