Bronchoscopic Lung Volume
Bronchoscopy lung volume reduction (BLVR) is a minimally invasive procedure designed to treat severe emphysema. During this procedure, a bronchoscope is used to place tiny one-way valves or coils into the lung airways. These devices block unhealthy lung tissue, allowing healthier lung tissue to function more efficiently and improving overall lung performance. BLVR is particularly beneficial for patients with advanced emphysema who may not be suitable candidates for traditional lung volume-reducing surgery. By alleviating symptoms such as shortness of breath, this procedure can enhance the quality of life for these patients. It is often performed as part of a comprehensive treatment plan for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
About Bronchoscopic Lung Volume Reduction
Symptoms: Patients with severe emphysema often experience a range of symptoms due to lung tissue damage and compromised breathing. These may include fatigue, wheezing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath.
Causes: Emphysema is commonly caused by prolonged exposure to irritants such as cigarette smoke, air pollution, and workplace chemicals or dust. These factors lead to lung tissue degeneration and inflammation, impairing the respiratory process and causing air to become trapped in the lungs.
Solutions: For patients suffering from severe emphysema, bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) offers a minimally invasive surgical option that can enhance lung function and alleviate discomfort. Other treatment options may include oxygen therapy, pulmonary rehabilitation, medications (such as inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators), and lifestyle changes (e.g., smoking cessation). In certain cases, lung transplantation may be considered for eligible individuals with end-stage emphysema.
Procedure of Bronchoscopic Lung Volume Reduction
Preoperative Evaluation: Patients undergo a comprehensive assessment that includes pulmonary function tests, imaging studies (like CT scans), and bronchoscopy to evaluate lung function and determine eligibility for BLVR.
Anaesthesia: Patients are typically placed under conscious sedation or general anaesthesia to ensure comfort and immobility during the procedure.
Bronchoscopic Insertion: A bronchoscope—a thin, flexible tube equipped with a camera and surgical instruments—is inserted through the mouth or nose and carefully guided into the lung airways.
Device Placement: One-way valves or coils are inserted into targeted airways using the bronchoscope. These devices block off diseased areas of the lungs, allowing healthier lung tissue to function more efficiently.
Lung Function Assessment: Throughout the procedure, the medical team continuously monitors lung function to assess the impact of the device placement on airflow and lung volume.
Confirmation: After the devices are placed, imaging studies or bronchoscopy may be performed to verify proper placement and evaluate lung expansion.
Postoperative Care: Following the procedure, patients are monitored in a recovery area to ensure their stability. They may experience coughing, shortness of breath, or mild discomfort, which usually resolves within a few days. Follow-up appointments are scheduled to assess lung function and monitor the effects of BLVR on symptoms and quality of life.